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Charan Singh , S. K. Dhyani , R. C. Dhiman , K. K. Sharma , Nirmal Kumar

Abstract

In agroforestry practices generally tree has more pronounced effect on crop growth and yield with increase in its canopy cover. But in the present investigations results indicated that there was no significant (P<0.05) effect of trees on crop. The survival, growth, biomass production and leaf nutrient content of Paulownia were significantly higher as compared with poplar under the agroforestry situation. Similarly, nitrogen (3.02 %) and protein (18.8 %) contents in tree leaves were also highest with the Paulownia clone-GP. Although, the size of the leaves and canopy of Paulownia is larger than the poplars even then influence on yield and yield attributing characters was lesser as the highest yield was recorded under Paulownia only. It is evident from the results that Paulownia and Poplar clones do not have any significant effect on almost all the growth and yield parameters of wheat and maize crops grown in association with trees. The grain yield for wheat crop has a very little difference but maize does not have the difference under the different clones. It indicates the best compatibility of the crops with Paulownia and poplar. it is inferred that over all Paulownia clone-GP out performed all the clones of Paulownia fortunei and Populus deltoides. Thus, the tree has great potential under agroforestry situations in similar agro-climatic conditions of India.

Keywords

Paulownia fortunei, Populus deltoides, Agroforestry, Doon Valley, Uttarakhand

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A. Raizada , S. K. Dhyani , V. N. Sharda

Abstract

Continued degradation of natural forests in India and increased anthropogenic pressures on scarce natural resources are issues of concern. The resilience and potential of degraded forests to recover, under protection, on their own towards more complex communities are described in this review paper. The need to involve 'local' forest dependant communities in forest protection through suitable mechanisms is also highlighted. The appearance of shade loving and shade tolerant species after twenty years of forest fallow cycle and increased species diversity in North-East India, indicates the need for a long fallow cycle after slash and burn agriculture. In the Shiwaliks community protection of forests in watersheds led to significant improvements in species stocking rate. In the ravines of Central India, continued protection led to the appearance of a large number of annual and perennial grasses, herbs and shrub species besides an assortment of tree species. Vegetation development however showed variations with regard to topographical situations. In landslide affected areas in the Himalayas, a period offive to six years was required for pioneer species to be replaced by perennial species. Soil nutrient build up however took several decades to occur, after which stable plant communities established themselves. In areas affected by mining, interventions in the form of suitable soil and water conservation techniques were a prerequisite for vegetation establishment and development. The appearance of early and late colonizers were observed to be directly related to improvements in edaphic conditions. Forest dependant rural communities are often cited to be the culprits with regard to forest exploitation. This paper, on the other hand cites some examples where rural communities have been able to protect, conserve and regenerate large areas of natural forest on their own initiative and by local institutional mechanisms. Participatory planning and inlegrated watershed development, specially in ecologically fragile zones like the Himalayas are essential for ensuring environmental security.

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Rama Kant , S. Chakrabarty , S. K. Dhyani , R. K. Upadhayay

Abstract

Sericulture based agroforestry system has great potential to generate larger income in Uttarandlal with its hilly , valley and tarai conditions. It is a job oriented agrohased industry , partieularly for the below poverty lille farmers. Uttaranchal has a long tradition of agroforestry that is widely practiced in all ecological and geographical regions. Farmers and land owners in different parts of Uttaranchal integrate a variety of woody perennials with the Mulberry crop and livestock production systems depending upon the agro-climatic conditions and local requirements. In addition to sericulture , Mulberry has a wide and diverse potential to protect the environment in varying agro-climatic conditions. It is perennial , deep ischolar_mained , widely adaptable with fast growing and determinate type of plant growth. It produces high biomass and foliage with rich in protein. Though it is medium sized tree but for intensive cultivation it is maintained as bushes of different sizes depending on suitability of the situation. Mulberry can be grown as a tree as well as in combination with agricultural crops (intercrop) to increase per unit area production as sericulture is a subsidiary crop in sub-tropical area. Mulberry plant is capable of meeting the present challenges of shortage of fuel wood , fodder , timber , unemployment , cottage industry , environmental degradation , protection and improvement of wastelands etc.

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Charan Singh , S. K. Dhyani , Nirmal Kumar , R. C. Dhiman

Abstract

An attempt has been made to explore the possibility for its establishment and evaluation on degraded bouldery riverbed lands in Doon valley. On the basis of survival, growth, timber volume and biomass production, it is possible to grow Paulownia forrtunei on degraded lands of Doon valley. Linear and second degree polynomial relationships between plant age with individual growth character (viz. height, collar diameter, DBH or tree volume) were established for the species. Growth and volume production of the species was compared with that of China and Poplar from India.

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D. R. Palsaniya , Ramesh Singh , R. K. Singh , S. K. Dhyani

Abstract

It is clear from the above discussion that such a large venture should be planned with bottom-top approach with local perception and well in advance for harnessing full benefits and better results, transparency and accountability. Such massive plantation drive helps in enriching the environment by conserving natural resources and provide livelihood security to the poor in the region in the form of greater employment opportunities during lean period and future supply of tree products.

Keywords

Plantation Drive, Livelihood, Saplings, Environmental Sustainability

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S. K. Dhyani , D. N. Puri , P. Narain

Abstract

Above and below ground biomass production was estimated for Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Stands growing on deep textured soils and riverbed bouldery lands of Doon Valley. Above ground biomass production was 23.30 t ha^-1 On the deep soils and 20.83 t ha^-1 On the riverbed lands, while below ground production on these two sites was 7.51 t ha^-1 and 11.04 t ha^-1 Respectively. On the deep soils, 8.7% of total stand dry matter production was in fine ischolar_mains, in contrast to over 26% on the riverbed lands. However, the difference in total biomass production between the two sites was small (1.06 t ha^-1 ). The ischolar_main characteristics viz., depth, number, lateral spread, weight and percentage ischolar_mains in soils at the two sites were studied. It was observed that the development of the main ischolar_main is largely dependent on soil type. In deep heavy textured soil, Eucalyptus developed a sparsely branched and deeply penetrating ischolar_main system, while in riverbed bouldery lands a more compact intensively branched ischolar_main system was recorded. In riverbed bouldery lands due to presence of impediments, coiling of ischolar_mains was observed. A relationship between vertical ischolar_main length and total ischolar_main length to be known as "Coiling Factor" was established to compare coiling of ischolar_mains under different soil working depths.

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D. N. Puri , Pratap Narain , S. K. Dhyani

Abstract

Degraded bouldery river beds, occupying a sizable area of Doon Valley, support only scrub vegetation due to inherent physical and chemical soil Constraints. To rehabilitate such lands with Eucalyptus hybrid, an experiment was carried out (1982-86) on soil working (50, 75 and 100 cm deep pits or holes) filled with original half replaced and full replacement of excavated soil with good top soil. Results revealed that on an average l00 cm deep holes and pits produced 1.43 m and 1.83 m height and 1.58 cm and 2.18 dbh respectively. Although soil replacement showed better moisture regimes but did not significantly affect the growth. The ischolar_maining behaviour of 42 months plants showed more ischolar_main length, higher vertical to total length ratio in 100 cm deep pits and holes. The cost of wood was Rs.297/ m³ for holes and Rs.860/m³ for of pits 100 cm depth. Thus, 100 cm deep holes were found to be cheaper than pits and produced higher growth should be preferred for planting Eucalyptus hybrid.

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D. N. Purl , R. K. Gupta , S. K. Dhyani

Abstract

The four main types of Leucaena leucocephafa viz. Hawaiin, Salvador, Peruvian and Cunningham were screened in an arboretal study reveal that F-205 (K.8), F-206 (Peruvian) and F-132 (Salvador) are suitable for afforestation in Doon Valley.

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S. K. Dhyani ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Agroforestry (ICAR), Gwalior Road, Near Pahuj Dam, Jhansi 284 003, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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S . B. Chavan ¹, A. Keerthika ², S. K. Dhyani ¹, A. K. Handa ¹, Ram Newaj ¹, K. Rajarajan ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, IN
2 ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, RRS, Pali-Marwar 306 401, IN

Abstract

Since ages agroforestry has been known as a traditional land-use system in India. The multivarious benefits and services generated are recognized as a tool to improve the livelihood status of farmers. Commercial agroforestry gained momentum in the regions where it got support from industry and assured market facilities. However, lack of policy initiatives and strict trade regulations has not supported wide adoption of agroforestry. Though prominent agroforestry models are being developed in different parts of the country, there is no clear-cut mechanism from seed procurement to marketing of the products. In this context, the National Agroforestry Policy, 2014 came in limelight to address the issues of quality planting material, tree insurance, restrictions on transit and harvesting, marketing of agroforestry produce, research and extension. This article links highlights of the policy to existing successful ground-level schemes and the challenges to focus on agroforestry not only as a successful land-use system, but also to utilize its full potential in the economic development of the country.

Keywords

Agroforestry Policy, Public Private Partnership, Sustainability, Tree Insurance.

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Rajendra Prasad ¹, A. Venkatesh ¹, V. D. Tripathi ¹, S. K. Dhyani ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Gwalior Road, Jhansi-284003, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

A study was conducted in Tikamgarh district in Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh to document traditional techniques of tapping gum-butea and its impact on socioeconomic life of local Saharia inhabitants. The findings revealed that traditional method of collecting gum-butea followed by Saharias appears to have sound scientific basis. Yield of gum-butea was significantly correlated with tree girth (GBH) (r = 0.841; P≤0.01) and stem surface area (r = 0.804; P≤ 0.01). On an average, a tribal family earned ` 677 in a season which was not consistent across community (CV = 83.2%). Significant correlation existed between number of man-days employed and trees approached (r = 0.525, P = 0.01), total gum collected (r = 0.938; P≤0.01), and money earned (r = 0.774; P≤ 0.01). However, employment of more man-days did not yield proportional increase in collected gum. Trading process is traditional in nature and only limited outlets in the form of local pansaris (traders) and bichauliye (middle men) are available to gum collectors for selling their produce. The Saharias are compelled to sell gum-butea at low price (` 40 to 50 per kg). The study concluded that contribution of gum-butea in improving economic status of local tribes can be enhanced by removing inconsistency in making cuts on stem-bark and providing proper marketing channel.

Keywords

Kamarkas, Butea monosperma, Indigenous Knowledge, NTFP, Gum Tapping.

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S. B. Chavan ¹, A. Keerthika ², Ankur Jha ¹, A. K. Handa ¹, Ram Newaj ¹, S. K. Dhyani ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Center for Agroforestry, Jhansi- 284003 (UP), IN
2 Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur - 342 003 (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Babloo Sharma ¹, Reena Kumari ², Ramesh Singh ³, R. C. Schan ⁴, S. N. Pandey ⁵, R. K. Tewari ³, S. K. Dhyani ³

Affiliations
1 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 221, West Bengal, IN
2 Deptt. of Farm Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, U. P., IN
3 National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi-284 003, U.P., IN
4 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad-500 231, Andhra Pradesh, IN
5 Jhansi-284 003, U. P., IN

Abstract

Groundwater is one of the important sources of potable water. The water table fluctuation method was used to evaluate the annual variations in water level rise and to estimate the groundwater recharge during pre interventions and post interventions phase of Domagor-Pahuj watershed development. The area experiences an average annual rainfall is 880 mm. The estimates of average annual water table fluctuation and change in groundwater storage volume of randomly selected thirty wells of pre-interventions and post-interventions phases of watershed were 3.03 to 4.34 million m³, and 1.52 to 2.18 million m³, respectively. The total annual groundwater recharge potential estimated for the areas was 1.47 million m³ before intervention and 2.06 million m³ after intervention.

Keywords

Groundwater Recharge, Infiltration Factor, Specific Yield, Water Level Fluctuation, Watershed.

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Ram Newaj ¹, S. B. Chavan ¹, Badre Alam ¹, S. K. Dhyani ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh), IN

Abstract

The biomass and carbon storage was assessed in a well established agroforestry experiment on Albizia procera and Dalbergia sissoo under irrigated condition and Emblica officinalis and Hardwickia binata under rainfed conditions during 2011. A. procera accumulated maximum biomass (120.421 ha^-1 at 11-year age) followed by D. sissoo accumulated 84.751 biomass ha^-1 at age of 17-year under irrigated conditions. Similarly, biomass accumulation in E. officinalis was 14.991 ha^-1 at age of 15-year and H. binata accumulated 101.341 biomass ha^-1 at age of 20-year. A. procera being a fast growing tree had have higher biomass productivity (10.95 t ha^-1 yr^-1) followed by D. sissoo (4.99 t ha^-1 yr^-1) and H. binata (5.10 t ha^-1 yr^-1 ). E. officinalis is being a fruit bearing plant having minimum biomass productivity (1.03t ha^-1 yr^-1) among all the species. The carbon storage in A. procera was maximum (57.031C ha^-1) followed by D. sissoo (36.621C ha^-1) under irrigated conditions. Carbon storage in E. officinalis at 15-year age was 7.121 C ha^-1 and in H. binata, it was 46.131 C ha^-1 at 20-year age under rainfed condition.

Keywords

Agroforestry, Allometric Equation, Biomass Productivity, Carbon Sequestration, Root:Shoot Ratio.

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Ajit ¹, A. K. Handa ², S. K. Dhyani ³, G. M. Bhat ⁴, A. R. Malik ⁴, V. Dutt ⁴, T. H. Masoodi ⁴, Uma ¹, Amit Jain ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, IN
3 NRM-Division, ICAR, KAB-II, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Camp-Wadura, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190 025, IN

Abstract

The dynamic carbon accounting model CO2FIX was used for evaluating carbon stocks and estimate greenhouse gas mitigation through tree-based systems, outside the forest area, in Kupwara district of Kashmir valley India. Primary survey results revealed that on an average, there were about 135 trees per hectare, existing on farmers' field. Malus (33.75%), populus (29.91%), salix (14.32%), juglans (6.68%) and robinia (4.7%) were dominant tree species. Paddy and maize are the dominant kharif crops, whereas rabi season is dominated by oilseeds and fodder crops. The carbon sequestration potential, all the three pools simultaneously (viz. tree, crop and soil), of existing agroforestry systems (AFS) has been predicted as 0.88 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1. AFS at district level are estimated to sequester 146,996 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent annually, which may offset completely the greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture/irrigation sector on account of electricity consumption throughout the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Keywords

Agroforestry Systems, Carbon Sequestration Potential, GHG Mitigation, Soil Carbon, Tree Biomass.

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R. H. Rizvi ¹, R. Vishnu ², A. K. Handa ², S. Ramanan ², M. Yadav ², A. Mehdi ², R. K. Singh ³, S. Londhe ³, S. K. Dhyani ³, J. Rizvi ³, Punam ⁴, Rameshwar Kumar ⁴, Naved Qaisar ⁵

Affiliations
1 ICAR-CSSRI Regional Research Station, Lucknow 226 005, IN
2 ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, IN
3 World Agroforestry, South Asia Regional Programme, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvidyalay, Palampur 176 062, IN
5 Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture and Technology, Srinagar 190 025, IN

Abstract

In the present study, agroforestry was mapped in nine districts from Western Himalayan Region. The agroforestry area in these nine selected districts was estimated to be 332127.55 ha (12.4%). Salix alba, an important agroforestry species, accounted for about 12% of total agroforestry area in three districts of Kashmir valley

Keywords

Agroclimatic Zone, Agroforestry Mapping, Object-Oriented Classification, Remote Sensing, Tree Species.

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